Nature and Sovereignty Conservation in Japan's Ocean Borderlands

 

Desert islands are the focus of intense geopolitical tensions in East Asia today, but they are also sites of nature conservation. In this global environmental history, Paul Kreitman shows how the politics of conservation have entangled with the politics of sovereignty since the emergence of the modern Japanese state in the mid-nineteenth century. Using case studies ranging from Hawai'i to the Bonin Islands to the Senkaku (Ch: Diaoyu) Isles to the South China Sea, he explores how bird islands on the distant margins of the Japanese archipelago and beyond transformed from sites of resource extraction to outposts of empire and from wartime battlegrounds to nature reserves. This talk examines how interactions between birds, bird products, bureaucrats, speculators, sailors, soldiers, scientists and conservationists shaped ongoing claims to sovereignty over oceanic spaces. It considers what the history of desert islands shows us about imperial and post-imperial power, the web of political, economic and ecological connections between islands and oceans, and about the relationship between sovereignty, territory and environment in the modern world.

 

 

Paul Kreitman is Associate Professor of 20th Century Japanese History at Columbia University. His research interests include environmental history, oceanic history and global history. His monograph Japan's Ocean Borderlands: Nature and Sovereignty was published in 2023 as part of Cambridge University Press's Oceanic Histories series. He is currently working on a second project on the history of border controls in Japan since the 16th century.